This exhibition explores the myth of the South Seas, contrasting the idealized paradise imagined in the West since the 18th century with the actual realities of Oceanian cultures. It examines how travelers, writers, and artists shaped this myth, which remains influential in Western popular culture.
The exhibition 'Los Paraísos Perdidos. Ilusión y realidad en los Mares del Sur' delves into the persistent Western myth of the South Seas as an earthly paradise, a notion that gained traction in the 18th century and continues to resonate in contemporary imagination. Fueled by the writings of Enlightenment thinkers like Rousseau and the accounts of explorers, artists, and writers, this myth depicted an idyllic world where humanity lived in harmony with nature, free from societal constraints. The exhibition critically examines this romanticized portrayal by contrasting it with the complex social structures and daily lives of the indigenous peoples of the Pacific.
Showcasing original objects from Oceanian cultures alongside historical testimonies from naval expeditions, such as that of Malaspina (1789-1794), the exhibition highlights the discrepancy between myth and reality. A significant portion of the displayed artifacts originates from the extensive Oceania collection at the National Museum of Anthropology, with notable pieces including intricate shell and turtle shell items from the Caroline Islands, decorated funerary skulls from Malekula, and a unique stone bowl (umete) from Tahiti, considered the world's only complete preserved example. This exhibition offers a rare opportunity to view these valuable and often-unseen collections, inviting visitors on a journey through the cultural landscapes that inspired a myth still vibrant today.